lung pathology journal

pdf files. No significant fibrosis was observed. On day 126, he underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation. Case 3 of this series represents the second comprehensive report of the pulmonary pathology in a patient undergoing lung transplantation for prolonged COVID-19–related hospitalization. Without a realistic chance of meaningful recovery, he was transitioned to comfort care and died on day 57. The number of SARS case reports is also fewer than the COVID-19 or H1N1 influenza case reports, which could bias the comparison. Katzenstein   AL, Bloor   CM, Leibow   AA. D, Movat pentachrome stain (×40). He underwent thorough pretransplant evaluation, including bronchoalveolar lavage, to exclude persistent viral infection. Lung pathology in fatal novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection. Home > American Journal ... Our study demonstrates that lung pathology mediated as a result of neutrophilic inflammation during TB is S100A8/A9 dependent. Right hemothorax (day 29) required chest tube placement followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on day 31 with hemothorax evacuation. Clinical details, such as age, sex, comorbidities, mechanical ventilation, therapeutic interventions, and disease time course, were variably reported amongst the papers included in this systematic review, which prohibited the calculation and comparison of summary statistics for these clinical details. Fox   SE, Akmatbekov   A, Harbert   JL, et al. We will compare the diagnostic value of COVID-19 in the perioperative period of lung resection: a brief report from a single thoracic surgery department in Wuhan, China. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. A few of the subpleural cystic changes communicate with the pleura, suggesting a bronchopleural fistula. We examined the toxic effects of pure water, saline, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.5% Kolliphor ® P188 (KP188), 0.1% Tween 20 in saline, and 1.0% BSA in PBS. The issue is more one of association than of causality. This report offers an early glimpse into the longer-term pathologic aftermath of severe COVID-19 managed with prolonged mechanical ventilation and ECMO, summarized in Table 1. Thrombosis in large pulmonary vessels was reported in 15% of COVID-19 autopsy cases (n = 25). A review. At this time, she developed septic shock attributed to a urinary tract infection (Proteus spp). Read More . In most, the interval between disease onset and death is relatively short (1 month).Information regarding lung pathology in patients who survive for longer periods is scant. On day 74 (after 63 days of ECMO), surgical lung biopsy was performed. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect millions of people worldwide, many of whom will require hospitalization because of respiratory symptoms, it is crucial to characterize the acute and chronic impacts COVID-19 have on lung health. Biopsy and autopsy histopathology remain essential tools in understanding COVID-19 and answering questions that remain regarding the spectrum of COVID-19-associated lung disease. A, Axial chest computed tomography on day 59 showing diffusely consolidated lungs with air bronchograms as well as dilated bronchi with undulating contours suggesting traction bronchiectasis likely related to underlying fibrosis. My approach to interstitial lung disease using clinical, radiological and histopathological patterns. Lung histopathological findings in fatal pandemic influenza A (H1N1). Pulmonary pathology of early phase COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a benign lung lesion. The first autopsy case of pandemic influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus infection in Japan: detection of a high copy number of the virus in type II alveolar epithelial cells by pathological and virological examination. Most (89%; n = 57) of the cases were full or pulmonary-limited autopsies. Enterococcus faecalis septic shock on day 20 necessitated change of ECMO circuit, including cannulas. Veterinary Pathology (VET) is the premier international publication of basic and applied research involving domestic, laboratory, wildlife, marine and zoo animals, and poultry. Fibroblasts and their responses to chronic injury in pulmonary fibrosis. Future studies will be crucial to characterize the scope of lung pathology across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity and to assess how interventions designed to prevent the development of respiratory failure, the final common pathway in COVD-19-associated mortality, influence clinical outcomes. The experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists, Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study, Forty postmortem examinations in COVID-19 patients, Pulmonary and systemic involvement in COVID‐19 patients assessed with ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy, Autopsy findings in 32 patients with COVID-19: a single-institution experience [published online September 17, 2020, Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series, Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans, Diffuse alveolar damage—the role of oxygen, shock, and related factors: a review, Pulmonary pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome, Pathology of adult respiratory distress syndrome, Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore, Severe acute respiratory syndrome: temporal lung changes at thin-section CT in 30 patients, Follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with MERS-CoV after recovery, Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors, Lung transplantation for COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in a PCR-positive patient, Lung transplantation as therapeutic option in acute respiratory distress syndrome for COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis, Lung transplantation for elderly patients with end-stage COVID-19 pneumonia, ECMO in ARDS: a long-term follow-up study regarding pulmonary morphology and function and health-related quality of life, Histopathologic findings in lungs of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, What it’s like when COVID-19 lasts for months, The course of mild and moderate COVID-19 infections—the unexpected long-lasting challenge, Coronavirus infection, ER stress, apoptosis and innate immunity, Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary fibrosis. Physicians treating patients with COVID-19 have also been using a range of experimental therapies, such as immunomodulatory agents, based on a variety of indications. Only results from the nine patients with positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the analysis. Current classification schemas do not take into account the major subtype. Over the next 4 days, she was paralyzed and proned. Skip to main content. Mechanical ventilation was started on day 6. Third, although RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 influenza was uniformly present, not all SARS comparison cases were confirmed by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV. Podcasts: Tune in to interviews with authors of recent TPX articles to hear more about the … A total of 26 articles representing 171 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review (. Postmortem lung findings in an asthmatic patient with coronavirus disease 2019. Two earlier preliminary reports from China documented the feasibility of lung transplantation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR-negative patients.34,35 Of the five patients reported, histologic assessments were only reported for two patients, both as “extensive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,” with varying descriptions of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Distinct, non-COVID-19-related histopathologic findings may exist in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. He then developed renal insufficiency requiring dialysis, as well as elevated liver enzymes and shock requiring vasopressor support. In addition to the lack of pathologic information regarding antemortem pulmonary changes associated with COVID-19, there is little information regarding pathologic findings in the lungs of patients who survived initial infection but remained severely ill for more than a few weeks. IHC analysis of the lungs was performed using the OCP antibody for detection of PRV antigen. Martines   RB, Ritter   JM, Matkovic   E, et al. Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in FFPE samples and histopathologic findings in fatal SARS-CoV-2 cases. B, C, The surgically debrided lung tissue is completely necrotic, with “ghosts” of hyaline membranes visible within the necrotic lung (H&E, ×10 and ×20, respectively). Distinct airway involvement in subtypes of end-stage fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis. image, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101752, Download .pdf (2.17 Diffuse interstitial fibrosis with early microscopic honeycomb change can develop following recovery from COVID-19 and prolonged hospitalization. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. [1] and Bubendorf et al . Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study. The spectrum of pathological changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Multiple organ invasion by viruses: pathological characteristics in three fatal cases of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1. Pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 associated with fatal coronavirus disease, United States. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) from coronavirus disease 2019 infection is morphologically indistinguishable from other causes of DAD. Currently, there is no definitive histologic evidence to suggest that the symptoms experienced by what the lay literature has labeled COVID-19 “long haulers” are due to the development of subclinical pulmonary fibrosis.38,39 However, the histologic findings in this report confirm that the development of interstitial fibrosis in the lungs is a real possibility in patients who survive their initial acute COVID-19 infections. [A histopathological study on Influenza A H1N1 infection in humans]. Case 3 unfortunately had DAD on admission. Chest computed tomography (CT) on day 35 Image 1A showed extensive airspace consolidation in the right lung, mixed airspace and ground-glass opacities in the left lung, and a loculated right hemopneumothorax. Diagnostics, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. Moreover, patients who recover from DAD are at risk of developing progressive architectural remodeling and interstitial fibrosis. The clinical data that were presented by each paper included in this systematic review in COVID-19, 2009 H1N1 influenza, and SARS cohorts is presented in, As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, some have suggested that COVID-19 is characterized by novel acute lung injury patterns. B, Diffuse, uniform, and somewhat cellular interstitial expansion (H&E, ×10). Postmortem lung pathology of a patient in Japan with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection showed diffuse alveolar damage as well as bronchopneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study. It should be noted, however, that histologic evidence of thrombosis and evidence of organizing DAD have been reported in patients with prolonged ECMO therapy; having acknowledged this, current protocols aim to mitigate this risk to the greatest extent possible. Histologic sections of the surgical lung biopsy specimen showed diffuse, somewhat mild, and relatively uniform interstitial expansion Image 2B, a pattern vaguely reminiscent of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). The mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection results in pulmonary fibrosis remain to be elucidated, although curiously, the mechanisms may be independent of the virus’s ability to induce acute lung injury.40,41 As a family, coronaviruses have been demonstrated to induce, within infected cells, a significant degree of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which has been linked to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, independent of acute lung injury.41 Endoplasmic reticulum stress has long been known to be a consequence of cellular redox imbalances. While focal microscopic honeycomb change was seen, the patchwork pattern of fibrosis seen in cases of usual interstitial pneumonia was not observed. All three patients underwent prolonged ECMO runs. Im Vergleich zu historischen Journal Impact sank der Journal Impact 2019 von Diagnostic Pathology um 2.52 %. Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by constant threat of acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF). Tracheostomy was performed on day 13 of mechanical ventilation. Autopsy report with clinical pathological correlation. Journal of Molecular Pathology (ISSN 2673-5261) is an international, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed and scientific open access, open-source journal that covers every topic related to modern histopathology and cytopathology, predictive pathology and molecular cytopathology. Case 1, late complications of coronavirus disease 2019. The main pathologic finding is that diffuse interstitial fibrosis with early microscopic honeycomb change can develop within this time frame. JMD CME Homepage. [Published online ahead of print May 26, 2020], [Published online ahead of print June 15, 2020], [Published online ahead of print May 14, 2020], [Published online ahead of print May 22, 2020]. The first patient developed acute respiratory failure and was started on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on day 21, with subsequent hemothorax. AFOP is characterized by formation of “fibrin balls” within the alveolar spaces, with organization resulting from fibroblast migration and secretion of young collagen within fibrin aggregates (. Chest x-ray showed extensive bilateral airspace opacities. Using mouse models of iron overload, the authors showed that increased iron levels resulted in reduced lung function and worse pulmonary fibrosis upon lung injury by bleomycin. We performed an autopsy on a Caucasian female in her 80s, who died due to severe, bilateral pulmonary fibrosis after eliminated … Search for other works by this author on: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Pathology Critical Care, WellSpan York Hospital, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings from autopsy of patient with COVID-19, Japan, Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies, Postmortem lung findings in a patient with asthma and coronavirus disease 2019, Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 infection is morphologically indistinguishable from other causes of DAD, Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 with fatal outcome: results from a prospective, single-center, clinicopathologic case series, Progression to fibrosing diffuse alveolar damage in a series of 30 minimally invasive autopsies with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China [published online September 14, 2020], Pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 associated with fatal Coronavirus disease, United States, Postmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction, A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression [published online June 22, 2020], Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients, The spectrum of histopathologic findings in lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19 infection [published online August 21, 2020], Insights into pathogenesis of fatal COVID‐19 pneumonia from histopathology with immunohistochemical and viral RNA studies, Fatal pulmonary fibrosis: a post-COVID-19 autopsy case [published online July 28, 2020], Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study, Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, Histopathologic changes and SARS-CoV-2 immunostaining in the lung of a patient with COVID-19, Pulmonary pathology and COVID-19: lessons from autopsy. Based on the pathologic appearance, it is plausible that the fibrosis may represent the residuum of prior organizing DAD. ❚Image 3❚ (cont) E, Iron (Prussian blue) stain (×10). [2], in this issue of the European Respiratory Review ( ERR ), are the first two out of six reviews that form the series “Pathology for the clinician”. Kinetics of lung pathology at the acute stage of infection with highly virulent M. tuberculosis strain M299 To study the mechanisms leading to pulmonary necrosis in resistant C57BL/6 mice, the mice of this lineage were infected i.t. Information regarding lung pathology in patients who survive for longer periods is scant. Data were extracted by two pathologists (L. H., A. S.) into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2016 Version 15.28). A, Chest computed tomography coronal reformatted image (day 75) shows homogeneous diffuse bilateral consolidation with volume loss, traction bronchiectasis, and a few peripheral cystic changes likely representing early honeycombing (arrows). Epidemiological, clinical, pathophysiological, biochemical, and pharmacological studies fall within the scope of the journal. No such necrotizing pneumonia was observed in any of the patients reported herein. It would be significant to identify risk factors of AE-IPF. Pathology of the swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) flu. Audio/Video Three-dimensional visualization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-B95.8/firefly luciferase 2 (fLuc2) spread of infection and/or infected cells in long-term humanized mice. Additionally, there is not yet comparison between the pathologic conditions described in these case series and histopathologic details from (1) patients who recover from severe ALI; (2) patients with milder respiratory disease and radiologic abnormalities who do not require intubation; and (3) patients with no symptomatic disease but with radiologic abnormalities. We analyzed … Of the published autopsy cases of patients with COVID-19, the acute phase of DAD was the predominant pulmonary pathology, reported in 88% of cases (n = 151; Amongst the COVID-19 cases, six patients (4%) in one paper were described as having AFOP without hyaline membranes on needle biopsy. Objectives: Current knowledge of the pulmonary pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based largely on postmortem studies. We conducted a systematic review to characterize the lung histopathologic features of COVID-19 and compare them against findings of other recent viral pandemics, H1N1 influenza and SARS. Chest imaging showed bilateral multifocal peripheral consolidation. Wichmann   D, Sperhake   JP, Lütgehetmann   M, et al. All reported numbers are the proportion and number of patients (in parentheses) reported to have the respective finding within each viral cohort. For example, one case report described a 42-year-old man with muscular dystrophy who presented to the hospital with 2 days of abdominal pain, a SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swab, and unfortunately died of respiratory failure within hours of hospital admission. Some reports have identified microthrombi as a prominent feature of lung injury in patients with COVID-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.259. Scott W Aesif, MD, PhD, Alejandro C Bribriesco, MD, Ruchi Yadav, MD, Summer L Nugent, MD, Dmitriy Zubkus, MD, Carmela D Tan, MD, Atul C Mehta, MD, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD, Pulmonary Pathology of COVID-19 Following 8 Weeks to 4 Months of Severe Disease: A Report of Three Cases, Including One With Bilateral Lung Transplantation, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2020;, aqaa264, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa264. [Pathological changes with novel coronavirus infection in lung cancer surgical specimen]. Get daily pathology research topics, journal summaries & news from MDLinx. Duarte‐Neto   AN, Monteiro   RAA, Silva   LFF, et al. Therapy Monitoring of EGFR Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients using ddPCR Multiplex Assays Monitoring ... To read the relevant article, please choose the corresponding journal issue from the Articles & Issues link in the menu bar above. 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